Triads in Surgery

Opthalmology Mnemonics –Part-3

SCLERA

Features of posterior scleritis: POST SCLER

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Proptosis 

Ophthalmoplegia 

Swelling of disc

Thickening of sclera (US/CT) & T sign (fluid in sub-Tenon’s space) 

Subretinal exudates 

Choroidal foLds 

Exudative RD 

Ring choroidal detachment

RETINA

Differential Diagnosis of Drusen: AGEING

Quote:
Alports Syndrome 

Glomerulonephritis 

Exudate (Hard) 

Inherited (Familial Dominant Drusen) 

North Carolina Dystrophy 

starGardts and fundus flavimaculatus

TUMOURS

Suspicious Choroidal Naevi: To Find Small Ocular Melanoma 

Thickness >2mm
Fluid (subretinal) 

Symptoms 

Orange pigment (lipofuscin) 

Margin at optic disc

Opthalmology Mnemonics –Part-2

Iridocorneal Endothelial (ICE) Syndrome subtypes: ICE

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Iris Naevus 

Chandler Syndrome
Essential Iris Atrophy

UVEITIS

Systemic Features of Sarcoid: FILLED BAGEL

Facial nerve palsy 

Infiltrates of lung parenchyma, Insufficiency of pituitary 

Lymphadenopathy (esp lung hilae)
Liver & spleen enlargement 

Elevated ACE & calcium 

Dilated cardiomyopathy 

Bone cysts 

Arthralgia Granulomata of skin 

Erythema nodosum Lupus pernio

Features of Behcet's Disease: ORAL UPSET

Occlusive periphlebitis 

Retinitis 

Anterior uveitis 

Leakage from retinal vessels 

Ulceration (aphthous/genital) 

Pustules after skin trauma (Pathergy test) 

Scratching leaves lines (dermatographism) 

Erythema nodosum 

Thrombophlebitis

Opthalmology Mnemonics –Part-1

EYELID & LACRIMAL APPRATUS

Dacryocystitis, dacryoadenitis:  apparatus affected

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Dacryocystitis, dacryadenitis: ·

Cry, so affects lacrimal gland. ·

Infection and inflammation, respectively.

Features of Post Enucleation Socket Syndrome (PESS)

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Ptosis

Enophthalmos

Deep upper Sulcus

Slack lower lid

 CORNEA
Associations of Vortex Keratopathy: ABCD

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Arthritis (diclofenac)

Breast Cancer (Tamoxifen)

Cardiac (amiodarone)

Dementia / Depression (Chlorpromazine)

Enzyme deficiency

Fabry's Disease

Disease and syndrome

                                                      DISEASE'S  AND SYNDROME'S 

                           

1)Addison’s Disease

 ·  primary adrenocortical deficiency

2)Addisonian Anemia

 ·  pernicious anemia  (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells ® ¯IF ® ¯Vit B12 ® megaloblastic anemia)

3)Albright’s Syndrome

 ·  polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girls

4)Alport’s Syndrome

 ·  hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness

5)Alzheimer’s

 ·  progressive dementia

6)Argyll-Robertson Pupil

  ·  loss of light reflex constriction  (contralateral or bilateral)

·  “Prostitute’s Eye” - accommodates but does not react

·  Pathognomonic for 3°Syphilis

7)Arnold-Chiari Malformation

 ·  cerebellar tonsil herniation

8)Barrett’s

 ·  columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (  risk of adenocarcinoma)

9)Bartter’s Syndrome

 ·  hyperreninemia

10)Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy

 ·  similar to Duchenne, but less severe (deficiency in dystrophin protein)

11)Bell’s Palsy

 ·  CNVII palsy   (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)

12)Berger’s Disease

 ·  IgA nephropathy

13)Bernard-Soulier Disease

 ·  defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein)

14)Berry Aneurysm

 ·  circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed)

·  often associated with ADPKD

15)Bowen’s Disease

 ·  carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (  risk of visceral ca)

16)Briquet’sSyndrome 

 ·  somatization disorder

·  psychological: multiple physical complaints without physical pathology

17)Broca’s Aphasia

 ·  Motor Aphasia intact comprehension

18)Brown-Sequard

 ·  hemisection of cord  (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN)

19)Bruton’s Disease

 ·  X-linked agammaglobinemia

20)Budd-Chiari

 ·  post-hepatic venous thrombosis